Methods of Alkaloids Synthesis

The investigation of plants used in traditional medicine in the early nineteenth century found alkaloids have developed into a group of natural products with exceptional structural and taxonomic diversity, as well as important chemical, biological, and medicinal importance. Since the early twentieth century, only a few routes have been thoroughly explored, and researchers have struggled to grasp their biogenesis and biosynthesis. Even for many pharmaceutically important alkaloids, there is still much to learn about how alkaloids are generated in nature, despite recent enzymatic efforts that have significantly advanced our understanding of this process. Certain aspects of empirically determined or speculated mechanistic routes of alkaloids creation are explored, with an emphasis on clinically relevant alkaloids

Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Nano Based Novel Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System for Glaucoma

Drugs delivered topically using traditional administration methods have a low bioavailability. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to create and refine the in-situ gel of carteolol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs), which were made using the ionotropic gelation method. Using formulation variables such as CH (A), STPP concentration (B), and stirring speed (C), the formulation was optimised by the application of box-Behnken design. Their impacts on the independent variables, such as entrapment efficiency (Y2) and particle size (Y1), were assessed. Additionally, the physicochemical properties, in-vitro drug release, ex-vivo permeability, bioadhesive studies, corneal hydration, histopathology, and HET-CAM of Carteolol-CHNPs were assessed. Nanoparticles loaded in-situ gel were also analysed. The tiny particle size (153 ± 6 nm) of the optimised formulation (Carteolol-CHNP opt) is ideal for ocular administration. In addition, it had a spherical form, a high encapsulation rate (71.06%), and a positive zeta potential (+36.3 mV). A sustained drug release profile (83.99 ± 3.6% over 12 hours) was found in the drug release research. Hydration, histology, and the HET-CAM test all reveal that the excised goat cornea in the CHNPs loaded in-situ gel did not show any signs of injury. The outcomes shown that glaucoma patients with a longer precorneal residency length and better patient compliance could benefit from the use of Carteolol-CHNPs loaded in-situ gel by reducing the dosage frequency

Effect of quercetinon drug induced hepatotoxicity

Objectives-The present study was designed 1. To achieved maximum yield of bioactive extract from the plant through extraction process. 2. To investigated phytochemicals constituents. 3. To determined pharmacological screening of quercetin against hepatotoxicity. Methods- Crude extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves were prepared using various solvents using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, methanol in succession using soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were subjected for photochemical analysis, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The extracts were then subjected to column chromatography followed by TLC. The isolated compound was subjected to experimental animals and hepatoprotective activity was studied. Results-The ethanol extract showed the presence of higher flavonoid content when compared with other solvent extracts. The ethanol extract was subjected to fractionalization by column chromatography. The eluted fractions were run in TLC mobile phase with the different solvent ratio. Chromatographic fingerprinting showed the presence of flavonoids. It was found that there was significant decrease in the SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin level in animal by giving quercetin of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera plant. Conclusion - The present investigation revealed that the extract containing quercetin of Moringa oleifera showed excellent hepatoprotective activity against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity